Fungal Infections in Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplant Recipients

Introduction

Hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (HSCT) is a life-saving procedure used to treat various blood cancers and diseases. However, HSCT recipients are at an increased risk of developing fungal infections, which can be life-threatening.

Epidemiology of Fungal Infections in HSCT

Fungal infections occur in approximately 4% of HSCT recipients, with an overall mortality rate of around 20%. The most common types of fungal infections in HSCT patients are:

• Candida
• Aspergillus

Causes of Fungal Infections in HSCT

HSCT recipients are at an increased risk of fungal infections due to several factors:

• Immunosuppressive therapy used to prevent graft-versus-host disease
• Neutropenia (low white blood cell count)
• Prolonged hospitalization
• Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, which can disrupt the normal flora

Diagnosis and Treatment of Fungal Infections in HSCT

Early diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections are essential in HSCT recipients. Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, which may be administered orally or intravenously.

Prevention of Fungal Infections in HSCT

Several measures can be taken to prevent fungal infections in HSCT recipients, including:

• Fluconazole prophylaxis
• Optimization of immunosuppressive therapy
• Aggressive management of neutropenia
• Hand hygiene
• Environmental control

Conclusion

Fungal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HSCT recipients. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for improving outcomes. Preventive measures can help reduce the risk of fungal infections and improve the overall survival of HSCT patients.